as the previouly posted version of this function doesn't handle UTF-8 characters, I simply tried to replace ucfirst to mb_convert_case, but then any previous case foldings were lost while looping through delimiters.
So I decided to do an mb_convert_case on the input string (it also deals with words is uppercase wich may also be problematic when doing case-sensitive search), and do the rest of checking after that.
As with mb_convert_case, words are capitalized, I also added lowercase convertion for the exceptions, but, for the above mentioned reason, I left ucfirst unchanged.
Now it works fine for utf-8 strings as well, except for string delimiters followed by an UTF-8 character ("Mcádám" is unchanged, while "mcdunno's" is converted to "McDunno's" and "ökrös-TÓTH éDUa" in also put in the correct form)
I use it for checking user input on names and addresses, so exceptions list contains some hungarian words too.
<?php
function titleCase($string, $delimiters = array(" ", "-", ".", "'", "O'", "Mc"), $exceptions = array("út", "u", "s", "és", "utca", "tér", "krt", "körút", "sétány", "I", "II", "III", "IV", "V", "VI", "VII", "VIII", "IX", "X", "XI", "XII", "XIII", "XIV", "XV", "XVI", "XVII", "XVIII", "XIX", "XX", "XXI", "XXII", "XXIII", "XXIV", "XXV", "XXVI", "XXVII", "XXVIII", "XXIX", "XXX" )) {
/*
* Exceptions in lower case are words you don't want converted
* Exceptions all in upper case are any words you don't want converted to title case
* but should be converted to upper case, e.g.:
* king henry viii or king henry Viii should be King Henry VIII
*/
$string = mb_convert_case($string, MB_CASE_TITLE, "UTF-8");
foreach ($delimiters as $dlnr => $delimiter){
$words = explode($delimiter, $string);
$newwords = array();
foreach ($words as $wordnr => $word){
if (in_array(mb_strtoupper($word, "UTF-8"), $exceptions)){
// check exceptions list for any words that should be in upper case
$word = mb_strtoupper($word, "UTF-8");
}
elseif (in_array(mb_strtolower($word, "UTF-8"), $exceptions)){
// check exceptions list for any words that should be in upper case
$word = mb_strtolower($word, "UTF-8");
}
elseif (!in_array($word, $exceptions) ){
// convert to uppercase (non-utf8 only)
$word = ucfirst($word);
}
array_push($newwords, $word);
}
$string = join($delimiter, $newwords);
}//foreach
return $string;
}
?>
mb_convert_case
(PHP 4 >= 4.3.0, PHP 5, PHP 7)
mb_convert_case — Perform case folding on a string
Description
mb_convert_case
( string
$str
, int $mode
[, string $encoding = mb_internal_encoding()
] ) : string
Performs case folding on a string, converted in the way specified by
mode.
Parameters
-
str -
The string being converted.
-
mode -
The mode of the conversion. It can be one of
MB_CASE_UPPER,MB_CASE_LOWER,MB_CASE_TITLE,MB_CASE_FOLD,MB_CASE_LOWER_SIMPLE,MB_CASE_UPPER_SIMPLE,MB_CASE_TITLE_SIMPLE,MB_CASE_FOLD_SIMPLE. -
encoding -
The
encodingparameter is the character encoding. If it is omitted, the internal character encoding value will be used.
Return Values
A case folded version of string converted in the
way specified by mode.
Unicode
By contrast to the standard case folding functions such as strtolower() and strtoupper(), case folding is performed on the basis of the Unicode character properties. Thus the behaviour of this function is not affected by locale settings and it can convert any characters that have 'alphabetic' property, such as A-umlaut (Ä).
For more information about the Unicode properties, please see » http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr21/.
Examples
Example #1 mb_convert_case() example
<?php
$str = "mary had a Little lamb and she loved it so";
$str = mb_convert_case($str, MB_CASE_UPPER, "UTF-8");
echo $str; // Prints MARY HAD A LITTLE LAMB AND SHE LOVED IT SO
$str = mb_convert_case($str, MB_CASE_TITLE, "UTF-8");
echo $str; // Prints Mary Had A Little Lamb And She Loved It So
?>
Example #2 mb_convert_case() example with non-Latin UTF-8 text
<?php
$str = "Τάχιστη αλώπηξ βαφής ψημÎνη γη, δÏασκελίζει Ï…Ï€ÎÏ Î½Ï‰Î¸ÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÏ…Î½ÏŒÏ‚";
$str = mb_convert_case($str, MB_CASE_UPPER, "UTF-8");
echo $str; // Prints ΤΆΧΙΣΤΗ ΑΛÎΠΗΞ ΒΑΦΉΣ ΨΗΜΈÎΗ ΓΗ, ΔΡΑΣΚΕΛΊΖΕΙ ΥΠΈΡ ÎΩΘΡΟΎ ΚΥÎΌΣ
$str = mb_convert_case($str, MB_CASE_TITLE, "UTF-8");
echo $str; // Prints Τάχιστη Αλώπηξ Βαφήσ ΨημÎνη Γη, ΔÏασκελίζει ΥπÎÏ ÎωθÏÎ¿Ï ÎšÏ…Î½ÏŒÏƒ
?>
See Also
- mb_strtolower() - Make a string lowercase
- mb_strtoupper() - Make a string uppercase
- strtolower() - Make a string lowercase
- strtoupper() - Make a string uppercase
- ucfirst() - Make a string's first character uppercase
- ucwords() - Uppercase the first character of each word in a string
add a note
User Contributed Notes 8 notes
agash at freemail dot hu ¶
10 years ago
dave at wp dot pl ¶
3 years ago
MB_CASE_TITLE doesn't change letters in quotation marks.
Example:
mb_convert_case('AAA "aaa"', MB_CASE_TITLE);
// Result: Aaa "aaa"
info at yasarnet dot com ¶
11 years ago
For my case following did the work to capitalize UTF-8 encoded string.
function capitalize($str, $encoding = 'UTF-8') {
return mb_strtoupper(mb_substr($str, 0, 1, $encoding), $encoding) . mb_strtolower(mb_substr($str, 1, mb_strlen($str), $encoding), $encoding);
}
Rasa Ravi at tantrajoga dot cz ¶
14 years ago
For CZECH characters:
<?php
$text = mb_convert_case($text, MB_CASE_LOWER, "Windows-1251");
?>
The right encoding Windows-1250 is not valid (see the list mb_list_encodings), but Windows-1251 will do the same 100%. The function strtolower() ignores czech characters with diacritics.
the at psychoticneurotic dot com ¶
10 years ago
Building upon Justin's and Alex's work...
This function allows you to specify which delimiter(s) to explode on (not just the default space). Now you can correctly capitalize Irish names and hyphenated words (if you want)!
<?php
function titleCase($string, $delimiters = array(" ", "-", "O'"), $exceptions = array("to", "a", "the", "of", "by", "and", "with", "II", "III", "IV", "V", "VI", "VII", "VIII", "IX", "X")) {
/*
* Exceptions in lower case are words you don't want converted
* Exceptions all in upper case are any words you don't want converted to title case
* but should be converted to upper case, e.g.:
* king henry viii or king henry Viii should be King Henry VIII
*/
foreach ($delimiters as $delimiter){
$words = explode($delimiter, $string);
$newwords = array();
foreach ($words as $word){
if (in_array(strtoupper($word), $exceptions)){
// check exceptions list for any words that should be in upper case
$word = strtoupper($word);
} elseif (!in_array($word, $exceptions)){
// convert to uppercase
$word = ucfirst($word);
}
array_push($newwords, $word);
}
$string = join($delimiter, $newwords);
}
return $string;
}
?>
tavhane at gmail dot com ¶
1 year ago
for turkish simple:
$str = mb_convert_case(str_replace(['i','I'], ['İ','ı'], $str), MB_CASE_TITLE,"UTF-8");
cataphract at php dot net ¶
9 years ago
This is a variation of mb_convert_case that works only for UTF-8 strings and that will not convert to lowercase anything.
This avoids turning "AAA aaa" into "Aaa Aaa"; it maps "AAA aaa" into ""AAA Aaa" instead.
<?php
function mb_convert_case_utf8_variation($s) {
$arr = preg_split("//u", $s, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
$result = "";
$mode = false;
foreach ($arr as $char) {
$res = preg_match(
'/\\p{Mn}|\\p{Me}|\\p{Cf}|\\p{Lm}|\\p{Sk}|\\p{Lu}|\\p{Ll}|'.
'\\p{Lt}|\\p{Sk}|\\p{Cs}/u', $char) == 1;
if ($mode) {
if (!$res)
$mode = false;
}
elseif ($res) {
$mode = true;
$char = mb_convert_case($char, MB_CASE_TITLE, "UTF-8");
}
$result .= $char;
}
return $result;
}
?>
webenformasyon at gmail dot com ¶
1 year ago
for turkish language I => i and i => I conversion is a problem. It must be I => ı and i => İ so my simple solution is
public function title_case_turkish($str){
$str = str_replace("i", "Ä°", $str);
$str = str_replace("I", "ı", $str);
$str = mb_convert_case($str, MB_CASE_TITLE,"UTF-8");
return $str;
}
